脚本宝典收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了Java生成和解析XML格式文件和字符串的实例代码，脚本宝典觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。1、基础知识：
2、使用介绍
1)、DOM
(1)简介
由W3C(org.w3c.dom)提供的接口，它将整个XML文档读入内存，构建一个DOM树来对各个节点(Node)进行操作。优点就是整个文档都一直在内存中，我们可以随时访问任何节点，并且对树的遍历也是比较熟悉的操作；缺点则是耗内存，并且必须等到所有的文档都读入内存才能进行处理。
(2)示例代码：
<?xML version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <root> <TelePhone> <tyPE name="nokia"> <PRice>599</price> <operator>CMCC</operator> </type> <type name="xiaomi"> <price>699</price> <operator>ChinaNet</operator> </type> </TelePhone> </root>
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.StringReader; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserconfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.nodelist; import org.xml.sax.InputSource; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; public class XMLHandler { public XMLHandler(){ } public String createXML(){ String xmlStr = null; DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); try { DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = builder.newDocument(); document.setXmlVersion("1.0"); Element root = document.createElement("root"); document.appendChild(root); Element telephone = document.createElement("TelePhone"); Element nokia = document.createElement("type"); nokia.setattribute("name", "nokia"); Element priceNokia = document.createElement("price"); priceNokia.setTextContent("599"); nokia.appendChild(priceNokia); Element operatorNokia = document.createElement("operator"); operatorNokia.setTextContent("CMCC"); nokia.appendChild(operatorNokia); telephone.appendChild(nokia); Element xiaomi = document.createElement("type"); xiaomi.setAttribute("name", "xiaomi"); Element priceXiaoMi = document.createElement("price"); priceXiaoMi.setTextContent("699"); xiaomi.appendChild(priceXiaoMi); Element operatorXiaoMi = document.createElement("operator"); operatorXiaoMi.setTextContent("ChinaNet"); xiaomi.appendChild(operatorXiaoMi); telephone.appendChild(xiaomi); root.appendChild(telephone); TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); Transformer transFormer = transFactory.newTransformer(); DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(document); //export string ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); transFormer.transform(domSource, new StreamResult(bos)); xmlStr = bos.toString(); //------- //save as file File file = new File("TelePhone.xml"); if(!file.exists()){ file.createNewFile(); } FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file); StreamResult xmlResult = new StreamResult(out); transFormer.transform(domSource, xmlResult); //-------- } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }catch (TransformerException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return xmlStr; } public void parserXML(String strXML){ DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); try { DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); StringReader sr = new StringReader(strXML); InputSource is = new InputSource(sr); Document doc = builder.parse(is); Element rootElement = doc.getDocumentElement(); NodeList phones = rootElement.getelementsbytagname("type"); for (int i = 0; i < phones.getLength(); i++) { Node type = phones.ITem(i); String phoneName = ((Element)type).getAttribute("name"); System.out.println("Phone name = "+phoneName); NodeList properties = type.getChildNodes(); for (int j = 0; j < properties.getLength(); j++) { Node property = properties.item(j); String nodeName = property.getNodeName(); if (nodeName.equals("price")) { String price=property.getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); System.out.println("price="+price); } else if (nodeName.equals("operator")) { String operator=property.getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); System.out.println("operator="+operator); } } } } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }catch (SAXException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { XMLHandler handler = new XMLHandler(); String xml = handler.createXML(); System.out.println(xml); handler.parserXML(xml); } }
(3)元素(Element)和结点(Node)的区别（org.w3c.dom）
Node对象是整个文档对象模型的主要数据类型，是DOM中最基本的对象，代表了文档树中的抽象节点。但在实际使用中很少会直接使用Node对象，而是使用Node对象的子对象Element,Attr,Text等。
Element对象表示HTML或XML文档中的一个元素，是Node类最主要的子对象，在元素中可以包含属性，因而Element中有存取其属性的方法。
Element是从Node继承而来的，元素是一个小范围的定义，必须是含有完整信息的结点才是一个元素，例如<div>...</div>。但是一个结点不一定是一个元素，而一个元素一定是一个结点。
node有几个子类型：Element,Text,Attribute,RootElement,Comment,namespace等
2)、SAX
3)、JDOM
4)、DOM4J
(1)简介
dom4j是目前在xml解析方面是最优秀的(Hibernate、Sun的JAXM也都使用dom4j来解析XML)，它合并了许多超出基本XML文档表示的功能，包括集成的xpath支持、XML Schema支持以及用于大文档或流化文档的基于事件的处理。
在使用XPATH时要增加jaXen.jar，否则会出现如下错误：
Exception in thread ";main" java.lang.NoClaSSDefFoundError: org/jaxen/JaxenException at org.dom4j.DocumentFactory.createXPath(DocumentFactory.java:230) at org.dom4j.tree.AbstractNode.createXPath(AbstractNode.java:207) at org.dom4j.tree.AbstractNode.selectNodes(AbstractNode.java:164)
(2)示例代码：
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
public class XMLHandler {
public XMLHandler() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public String createXML(){
String strXML = null;
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
Element root = document.addElement("root");
Element phone = root.addElement("TelePhone");
Element nokia = phone.addElement("type");
nokia.addAttribute("name", "nokia");
Element price_nokia = nokia.addElement("price");
price_nokia.addText("599");
Element operator_nokia = nokia.addElement("operator");
operator_nokia.addText("CMCC");
Element xiaomi = phone.addElement("type");
xiaomi.addAttribute("name", "xiaomi");
Element price_xiaomi = xiaomi.addElement("price");
price_xiaomi.addText("699");
Element operator_xiaomi = xiaomi.addElement("operator");
operator_xiaomi.addText("ChinaNet");
//--------
StringWriter strWtr = new StringWriter();
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
format.setEncoding("UTF-8");
XMLWriter xmlWriter =new XMLWriter(strWtr, format);
try {
xmlWriter.write(document);
} catch (IOException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
strXML = strWtr.toString();
//--------
//-------
//strXML=document.asXML();
//------
//-------------
File file = new File("TelePhone.xml");
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
try {
file.createNewFile();
XMLWriter out = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(file));
out.write(document);
out.flush();
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//--------------
return strXML;
}
public void parserXML(String strXML){
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
StringReader sr = new StringReader(strXML);
InputSource is = new InputSource(sr);
try {
Document document = reader.read(is);
Element root = document.getRootElement();
//get element
List<Element> phoneList = root.elements("TelePhone");
List<Element> typeList = phoneList.get(0).elements("type");
for (int i=0;i<typeList.size();i++){
Element element = typeList.get(i);
String phoneName = element.attributeValue("name");
System.out.println("phonename = "+phoneName);
//get all element
List<Element> childList = element.elements();
for (int j=0;j<childList.size();j++){
Element e = childList.get(j);
System.out.println(e.getName()+"="+e.getText());
}
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void parserXMLbyXPath(String strXML){
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
StringReader sr = new StringReader(strXML);
InputSource is = new InputSource(sr);
try {
Document document = reader.read(is);
List list = document.selectNodes("/root/TelePhone/type");
for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++){
Element e = (Element) list.get(i);
System.out.println("phonename="+e.attributeValue("name"));
List list1 = e.selectNodes("./*");
for(int j=0;j<list1.size();j++){
Element e1 = (Element) list1.get(j);
System.out.println(e1.getName()+"="+e1.getText());
}
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
XMLHandler handler = new XMLHandler();
String strXML=handler.createXML();
System.out.println(strXML);
handler.parserXML(strXML);
System.out.println("-----------");
handler.parserXMLbyXPath(strXML);
}
}5)XPATH
(1)简介
XPath是一门在XML文档中查找信息的语言。XPath用于在XML文档中通过元素和属性进行导航。
具体语法介绍参考：http://w3school.COM.cn/xpath/index.asp
(2)示例代码：
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.StringReader; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.xpath.XPath; import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants; import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExPression; import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException; import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.xml.sax.InputSource; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; public class XMLHandler { public XMLHandler() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public void parserXML(String strXML){ DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); try { DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); StringReader sr = new StringReader(strXML); InputSource is = new InputSource(sr); Document doc = builder.parse(is); XPathFactory xFactory = XPathFactory.newInstance(); XPath xpath = xFactory.newXPath(); XPathExpression expr = xpath.compile("/root/TelePhone/type"); NodeList phones = (NodeList) expr.evaluate(doc, XPathConstants.NODESET); for (int i = 0; i < phones.getLength(); i++) { Node type = phones.item(i); String phoneName = ((Element)type).getAttribute("name"); System.out.println("Phone name = "+phoneName); XPathExpression expr1 = xpath.compile("./*"); NodeList list = (NodeList) expr1.evaluate(type, XPathConstants.NODESET); for(int j =0;j<list.getLength();j++){ Element e1 = (Element) list.item(j); System.out.println(e1.getNodeName()+"="+e1.getTextContent()); } } } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }catch (SAXException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }catch (XPathExpressionException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String strXML="<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>"+ "<root>"+ "<TelePhone>"+ "<type name=\"nokia\">"+ "<price>599</price>"+ "<operator>CMCC</operator>"+ "</type>"+ "<type name=\"xiaomi\">"+ "<price>699</price>"+ "<operator>ChinaNet</operator>"+ "</type>"+ "</TelePhone>"+ "</root>"; XMLHandler handler = new XMLHandler(); handler.parserXML(strXML); } }
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