脚本宝典收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了第十周练习题，脚本宝典觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。

1、在阿里云服务器搭建openv-p-n(有条件的同学再做)

略

2、通过编译、二进制安装MySQL5.7

#配置说明​     Linux版本：Centos7     MySQL版本：mysql-5.7.26     该文档适用于MySQL版本>=5.7.6     数据库源码存放目录：/apps/mysql_source #存储空间要大一些     数据库安装目录：/usr/local/web/mysql     数据库的数据目录：/home/mysql/data          #1)安装相关依赖包[root@localhost ~]#yum install -y @R_869_1512@ gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel bison zlib libXMl oPEnssl automake autoconf make liBTool bison-devel libaio-devel​#2)创建用户和数据库目录[root@localhost ~]#groupadd mysql[root@localhost ~]#useradd -s /bin/bash -m -g mysql mysql[root@localhost ~]#mkdir -p  /apps/mysql_source[root@localhost ~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/web/mysql[root@localhost ~]#mkdir -p  /home/mysql/data[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/data[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/web/mysql​​#3)下载并解压缩源码包#下载源码并清除 centos 原有my.cnf配置文件：[root@localhost ~]#mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql.cof.back[root@localhost ~]#cd /apps/mysql_source[root@localhost ~]#wget https://dev.mysql.COM/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26.tar.gz[root@localhost ~]#tar -zxf mysql-5.7.26.tar.gz  -C /apps/mysql_source/​#4)安装boost#mysql5.7.6以后需要安装 boost库文件[root@localhost ~]#cd /usr/local[root@localhost ~]#wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/PRoject/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz​#5)准备编译环境并编译安装#编译选项：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/source-configuration-options.htML[root@localhost ~]#cd /apps/mysql_source/mysql-5.7.26/[root@localhost mysql-5.7.26]#cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWIThDebInfo -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/web/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/web/mysql/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/data -DSysCONFDIR=/etc/my.cnf -DWITH_MYISam_STORAGE_ENginE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC=0 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DWITH_SSL=yes -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz#如果编译出现错误，请先删除CMakeCache.txt后，再重新编译 #cmake参数解释如下：DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql:安装路径DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql:数据文件存放位置DSYSCONFDIR=/etc:my.cnf路径DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1:支持MyIASM引擎DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1:支持InnoDB引擎DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysqld.sock:连接数据库socket路径 DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306:端口DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1:允许从本地导入数据DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1:安装支持数据库分区DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all:安装所有的字符集DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8:默认字符DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1:嵌入式服务器​#该命令中可以通过添加-j参数指定多线程工作，如make -j2 && make install -j2 则使用2个CPU核进行make[root@localhost ~]#make -j2 && make install -j2​#6）设置开机自启动[root@localhost ~]#cp /usr/local/web/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld[root@localhost ~]#chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld[root@localhost ~]#chkconfig --add mysqld​#7）准备my.cnf文件[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]basedir = /usr/local/web/mysqldatadir = /home/mysql/datainnodb_buffer_pool_size = 128Mexplicit_defaults_for_timestamp = truesocket = /usr/local/web/mysql/mysql.sock[mysqld_safe]LOG-error = /home/mysql/data/error.logsql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SubSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES​​#8）配置环境变量，使/usr/local/web/mysql/bin，lib目录下所有命令可以在任意目录执行。[root@localhost bin]# echo 'PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/web/mysql/bin:/usr/local/web/mysql/lib/' >> /etc/profile[root@localhost bin]# . /etc/profile​​#9）初始化数据库#如果出现如下信息：unknown VARiable 'defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf'，请保证--defaults-file配置选项在最前面[root@localhost data]# mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/web/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data  --user=mysql2021-11-03T05:42:04.327406Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457902021-11-03T05:42:04.355994Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2021-11-03T05:42:04.413061Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the First time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: c660a456-3c68-11ec-8CF0-000c29b37a91.2021-11-03T05:42:04.414512Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.2021-11-03T05:42:04.533331Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.2021-11-03T05:42:04.632590Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: .Y)uL3E=riO5             #生成的随机密码#初始化报错参考文档：http://blog.csdn.net/nicolelili1/article/details/78580681​#10）启动数据库#mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf & 或者 service mysqld start[root@localhost data]# service mysqld startStarting MySQL.Logging to '/home/mysql/data/error.log'.                                                          [  OK  ]#mysql启动报错：Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file参考：http://blog.51cto.com/732233048/1636409，启动不成功，修改my.cnf后需要重新初始化​#11）登录并修改密码#以.Y)uL3E=riO5这个初始化密码登录                                                     [root@localhost data]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.Your MySQL connection id is 5Server version: 5.7.26​Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.​Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.​Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.#设置新密码mysql> set password=password('123456');Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)#刷新权限mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)​#以新密码登录数据库[root@localhost data]# mysql -uroot -p123456mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.7.26 Source distribution​Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.​Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.​Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.#创建用户  root'@'%   表示root在所有主机上登录数据库mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)​#授权root在所有主机上登录数据库，有所有数据库的权限mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)​#用centos8机器，yum安装mariadb数据库软件，验证远程机器登录数据库[root@centos8 ~]#mysql -h10.0.0.152 -uroot -p123456Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 5.7.26 Source distribution​Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.​Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.​MySQL [(none)]> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || sys                |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.001 sec)​#关闭数据库：mysqladmin shutdown -uroot -S /usr/local/web/mysql/mysql.sock -p 或 service mysqld stop​#MySQL5.7 和以前版本不同点：　　　　​1.初始化工具不同　　　MySQL5.6.xx使用的是mysql_install_db，MySQL5.7.6+官方推荐使用Mysqld –initialize。2.初始化数据库不同　　　MySQL5.6.xx初始化之后存在mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,test四个数据库，MySQL5.7.6+初始化之后存在mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys四个数据库。3.初始化用户不同　　　　MySQL5.6.xx初始化之后存在root@localhost,root@'::1',root@'hostname',''@'localhost',''@'hostname'五个用户，MySQL5.7.6+初始化之后存在mysql.sys,root@localhost，用户4.初始化root密码　　　MySQL5.6.xx初始化之后root用户密码为空，MySQL5.7.6+初始化之后会为root@localhost用户生成随机密码。​#MySQL安装常用参考文档：安装过程：1. http://blog.csdn.net/sungsasong/article/details/762783612.https://segmentfault.com/a/11900000120993463.http://www.centoscn.com/mysql/2016/0315/6844.html4.https://www.cnblogs.com/liqing1009/p/7879945.htmlmake && makeinstall 时报错参考：http://www.yunweijilu.com/index.php/home/index/article/aid/135centos 7 防火墙设置参考 ：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/adc81513944adDF723bf73af.htmlMySQL5.7初始密码查看及重置:http://blog.csdn.net/t1anyuan/article/details/51858911源码安装后卸载再装：https://www.jianshu.com/p/e54ff5283F18MySQL常见错误解决方法http://www.360doc.com/content/15/0201/13/3200886_445438524.shtmlMYSQL MY.CNF 参数优化参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/yangchunlong/p/8478275.html

3、二进制安装mariadb10.4

#下载二进制安装包（centos7系统）：[root@localhost ~]#wget http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/mariadb/mariadb-10.4.21/bintar-linux-x86_64/mariadb-10.4.21-linux-x86_64.tar.gz#解压到安装目录/usr/local/mariadb[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mariadb[root@localhost ~]# tar zxf mariadb-10.4.21-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/mariadb[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/mariadb/mariadb-10.4.21-linux-x86_64/bin      CREDITS  include         lib  mysql-test  README-wsrep  share      support-filesCOPYING  docs     INSTALL-BINARY  man  README.md   scripts       sql-bench  THIRDPARTY#[root@localhost mariadb]# mv /usr/local/mariadb/mariadb-10.4.21-linux-x86_64/* /usr/local/mariadb/​​#创建用户及组[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -r -g mysql mysql​#配置服务开机自启动[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mariadb/mariadb-10.4.21-linux-x86_64/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld​#新建数据目录与权限[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mariadb[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mariadb[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mariadb​#准备配置文件my.cnf[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf[mysqld]#basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/ #二进制安装pass the --basedir optiondatadir=/data/mariadb/port=3306pid-file=/data/mariadb/mysql.pidsocket=/tmp/mysql.sock​[mysqld_safe]log-error=/data/mariadb/mysql.log​[client]port=3306socket=/tmp/mysql.sockdefault-character-set=utf8​​#数据库初始化[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mariadb/scripts/mysql_install_db  --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/ --datadir=/data/mariadb/[root@localhost ~]# echo $?0​#配置环境变量[root@localhost ~]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mariadb/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mairadb.sh[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/mairadb.sh[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mairadb.sh​#安全模式启动设置root密码[root@localhost data]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf &​[root@localhost data]# mysqlWelcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.Your MariaDB connection id is 8Server version: 10.4.21-MariaDB MariaDB Server​Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.​Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.​MariaDB [(none)]> set password=password('123456');Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)​MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)​#安全初始化[root@localhost data]# mysql_secure_installation --basedir=/usr/local/mariadbprint: /usr/local/mariadb/bin/my_print_defaults​NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ each STEP CAREFULLY!​In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the currentpassword for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, andhaven't set the root password yet, you should just Press enter here.​Enter current password for root (enter for none):OK, successfully used password, moving on...​Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobodycan log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.​You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.​Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] yEnabled successfully!Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success!​​You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.​Change the root password? [Y/n] n ... skipping.​By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyoneto log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created forthem.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installationgo a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into aproduction environment.​Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y ... Success!​Normally, root should only be Allowed to connect From 'localhost'.  Thisensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.​Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n ... skipping.​By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone canaccess.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removedbefore moving into a production environment.​Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success!​Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so farwill take effect immediately.​Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ... Success!​Cleaning up...​All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDBinstallation should now be secure.​Thanks for using MariaDB!​#重启服务后，再次使用root用户，密码123456登录成功[root@localhost data]# systemctl restart mysqld[root@localhost data]# mysql -uroot -p123456Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.Your MariaDB connection id is 16Server version: 10.4.21-MariaDB MariaDB Server​Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.​Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.​MariaDB [(none)]>​

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